Target intelligence / Profile preview

Influenza A virus hemagglutinin protein H3N2 (HA (H3N2))

Target
HA (H3N2)
Molecular classification
Viral fusion protein, Viral surface glycoprotein, Class I fusion protein, Receptor-binding protein
01

Overview

Hemagglutinin is a homotrimeric glycoprotein located on the surface of the influenza A virus. Each monomer of the HA trimer consists of a globular head domain that binds to sialic acid receptors on host cells and a stem (or stalk) domain that facilitates fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane after endocytosis. The H3N2 subtype of hemagglutinin has been responsible for widespread seasonal influenza outbreaks in humans since 1968. HA is essential for viral entry and is the principal target of neutralizing antibodies elicited by natural infection or vaccination. Its antigenic sites overlap with the receptor-binding site, making it prone to antigenic drift—a major driver of immune escape and the need for continuous vaccine updates[1][2][3][4][6][7].

Other names
Hemagglutinin H3N2HA H3N2Influenza virus H3N2 HAH3N2 HA protein
02

Mechanism of action

Neutralizing antibodies block receptor binding or membrane fusion steps Entry inhibitors prevent conformational changes required for fusion

03

Biological functions

Viral attachment to host cellMediating membrane fusion between virus and host cellEvasion of host immune responseDetermining host specificity and cell tropism
04

Disease associations

Infection (influenza)Pandemic and seasonal influenza transmission
05

Safety considerations

Antigenic drift leading to vaccine escapePotential for highly pathogenic variants if cleavage site mutatesHypervariability of the head domain can reduce vaccine/antibody efficacy
06

Interacting drugs

Influenza vaccines (targeting HA)

2 more in the full profile.

07

Biomarkers

HA subtype (H3N2) mutations for vaccine strain selectionAntibody titers to HA for immune status monitoring

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