Influenza virus A and B antigens (Hemagglutinin, Neuraminidase, Matrix protein 1) (Influenza A/B HA/NA/M1 antigens)

Influenza virus antigens, specifically Hemagglutinin (HA), Neuraminidase (NA), and Matrix protein 1 (M1) from Influenza A and B strains, serve as the primary components of seasonal influenza vaccines (CDC, 2023). Hemagglutinin is a surface glycoprotein that mediates viral binding to host sialic acid receptors and subsequent membrane fusion (UniProt P03435). Neuraminidase is an enzyme that cleaves sialic acid residues to facilitate the release of progeny virions from the host cell surface (PubMed: 22435403). Matrix protein 1 (M1) is a structural protein that lines the inner viral envelope, playing a critical role in assembly and budding (PubMed: 25605938). In the context of immunization, these antigens are presented to the immune system to elicit the production of neutralizing antibodies and prime T-cell responses (StatPearls: NBK459363). This prophylactic interaction prevents infection by blocking viral entry and spread within the host. These antigens are updated annually to match circulating seasonal strains.

Other names

Influenza vaccine antigensFlu antigensHA/NA/M1 proteinsInfluenza A and B surface and internal proteinsInactivated influenza virus antigens

Induction of active immunity through the production of neutralizing antibodies against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, and the activation of cellular immune responses against matrix proteins.