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Influenza virus hemagglutinin protein (H5)
- Molecular classification
- Viral surface glycoprotein, Hemagglutinin
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Overview
The hemagglutinin (HA) protein is a homotrimeric glycoprotein found on the surface of influenza viruses, including the H5 subtype. It is essential for viral infectivity and plays a dual role as both an attachment factor and membrane fusion protein. The H5 variant refers specifically to the hemagglutinin subtype 5, commonly associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses such as H5N1. It binds to sialic acid residues on host cell surfaces, facilitating viral entry, and undergoes conformational change at acidic pH to enable fusion between viral and endosomal membranes.
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Mechanism of action
Neutralization of viral entry by blocking receptor binding or membrane fusion
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Biological functions
Host cell attachment via sialic acid bindingMediates membrane fusionViral entry into host cellsDetermines species specificity
04
Disease associations
Infection
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Safety considerations
Mutational changes can lead to new antigenic variants that may escape immune detection or adapt better to new hosts, leading to potential for pandemic.Potential for zoonotic transmission.
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