Influenza virus-like particle vaccine antigens (Influenza VLP)

Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are a class of subunit vaccines that mimic the overall structure of the influenza virus without containing the infectious genetic material (PubMed: 28251219). These particles typically incorporate key surface glycoproteins, such as hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), often anchored by a structural protein like matrix protein 1 (M1) (NIH: PMC4148381). By presenting these antigens in a multivalent, repetitive array similar to the native virus, VLPs effectively trigger both humoral and cellular immune responses (PubMed: 24530936). They are recognized by B cells and internalized by antigen-presenting cells for processing and presentation to T cells. This technology offers a safer alternative to live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines and can be produced rapidly in various expression systems, including insect cells, plants, and mammalian cells (Nature: 10.1038/s41541-021-00337-w). VLPs are particularly useful for addressing seasonal and pandemic influenza by providing broad protection and overcoming some limitations of traditional egg-based manufacturing. Clinical candidates like NanoFlu have demonstrated the ability to induce robust immune responses in older adults, targeting multiple strains of the virus (Novavax, 2020). The primary goal of these targets is to elicit long-lasting immunity that can withstand the high mutation rates of influenza viruses.

Other names

Influenza VLPFlu VLPRecombinant influenza virus-like particlesHA-NA-M1 VLPsVLP-based influenza vaccineInfluenza virus antigens presented on virus-like particles – immunological target only

Induction of neutralizing antibodies against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase and stimulation of cellular immune responses through MHC presentation.