Influenza virus proteins M1, M2, NP-A, and NP-B (M1, M2, NP)

Influenza virus matrix protein 1 (M1) forms the virion’s structural scaffold beneath the envelope and regulates assembly, RNA export, and disassembly via pH-sensitive conformational changes. Matrix protein 2 (M2) is an integral membrane ion channel required for viral uncoating and assembly, and is the target of adamantane-class antivirals. Nucleoprotein (NP) of both influenza A and B viruses encapsidates the viral RNA, facilitates nuclear import, and is essential for genome packaging and transcription. These proteins are critical for viral replication and are prominent targets in antiviral drug development and diagnostics.

Other names

Matrix protein 1Matrix protein 2M2 ion channelNucleoproteinnucleocapsid protein

Drugs targeting M2 inhibit the M2 ion channel, preventing virus uncoating and replication. Inhibitors targeting M1/NP aim to block protein-protein interactions, assembly, or replication, primarily in experimental settings.