Inhibitor of DNA binding 3 (ID3)

Inhibitor of DNA binding 3 (ID3) is a member of the ID protein family and a transcriptional regulator that contains a helix-loop-helix (HLH) dimerization domain but lacks a basic DNA-binding domain. ID3 acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, preventing them from binding DNA and thus regulating the transcription of target genes. ID3 is involved in diverse biological roles including the regulation of cell fate, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and maintenance of genomic integrity. ID3 plays significant roles in development, tumorigenesis, and cancer drug resistance (notably, cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma) and is recognized as a potential therapeutic target for reversing chemotherapy resistance. Overexpression or aberrant regulation of ID3 can influence tumor cell apoptosis and drug response, particularly through modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibition of anti-apoptotic and multi-drug resistance genes.

Other names

Inhibitor of differentiation 3Dominant-negative helix-loop-helix protein 3ID3 protein

Modulation of cell sensitivity to chemotherapy; Reversal of drug resistance via inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling; Enhancement of apoptosis through Elk-1/caspase-8 pathway; Inhibition of multi-drug resistance proteins (e.g. MDR-1)