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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Innate Immune Activation via AS03 (AS03)
- Target
- AS03
- Molecular classification
- Adjuvant, Emulsion, Lipid-based adjuvant
01
Overview
AS03 is an adjuvant system composed of α-tocopherol, squalene, and polysorbate 80, designed to enhance vaccine-induced immune responses by activating the innate immune system. It triggers interferon signaling, TLR4 activation, and enhances antigen presentation, leading to improved antibody production, B cell maturation, and long-lasting immunity. AS03 has been used in influenza and COVID-19 vaccines to improve efficacy and enable dose-sparing strategies.
- Other names
- AS03 Adjuvant Systemα-tocopherol/squalene adjuvantOil-in-water emulsion adjuvant
02
Mechanism of action
AS03 activates the innate immune system through multiple pathways, including interferon signaling, TLR4 activation, and enhanced antigen presentation, leading to increased antibody production, B cell maturation, and ultimately improved vaccine efficacy.
03
Biological functions
Innate immune stimulationAdaptive immune response enhancementAntigen presentationCytokine productionMemory B cell maturation
04
Disease associations
InfectionVaccine development
05
Safety considerations
Local injection site reactions (pain, swelling, redness)Systemic reactions (fever, fatigue, myalgia)Potential for excessive immune response
06
Interacting drugs
Influenza vaccines (H5N1, H1N1)
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Antibody titersMemory B cell countInterferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression (e.g., MXA, OAS)Cytokine/chemokine levels (e.g., CCL2, CCL3, IL-6, CXCL1, IP-10)
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