Innate immune pattern recognition receptors for adenoviral capsid components (PRRs)

Innate immune pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a group of host proteins that detect adenoviral capsid components and the viral genome to initiate an immune response. Key receptors involved include Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR9), the cGAS-STING pathway, and inflammasomes such as NLRP3 and AIM2 (PMID: 17227911, 25605371). These receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) like the hexon protein or double-stranded DNA, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (PMID: 21149601). In clinical settings, these interactions are primarily relevant to the use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy and vaccines, where the innate immune response can cause systemic inflammation and limit transgene expression. Therapeutic strategies often involve using corticosteroids or specific inhibitors of these pathways to mitigate vector-induced toxicity and improve safety (PMID: 30104475).

Other names

Adenovirus sensorsPattern recognition receptorsToll-like receptorscGAS-STING pathwayInflammasomes

Inhibition of receptor signaling, antagonism of downstream cytokines, or prevention of receptor activation.