Innate Immune Receptor

Innate immune receptors are a diverse group of molecules that play a central role in the innate immune system, the body's first line of defense against pathogens. These receptors recognize conserved molecular patterns found on microbes or released by damaged cells, enabling rapid and non-specific immune responses. Major families include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), AIM2-like receptors (ALRs), and Fc Receptors. They function by binding to PAMPs or DAMPs, triggering intracellular signaling cascades, and leading to inflammatory responses, cytokine production, and activation of adaptive immunity. Dysregulation can contribute to autoimmunity or chronic inflammation.

Binding to PAMPs or DAMPs, triggering intracellular signaling cascades (e.g., NF-κB, MAPK), inflammasome activation, cytokine release, and antibody-mediated phagocytosis/cytotoxicity.