Innate Immune System (Squalene-Adjuvant Mediated Activation) (N/A)

Squalene-based adjuvants are oil-in-water emulsions that stimulate the innate immune system, leading to the recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This process enhances antigen presentation and promotes a robust adaptive immune response. The mechanism involves DAMP release, cytokine/chemokine cascades, and infiltration of innate immune cells like monocytes, neutrophils, and dendritic cells to the injection site. Ultimately this leads to enhanced B/Tfh/CD8+ T cell responses.

Other names

Squalene-based adjuvant responseInnate immune cell recruitment by squaleneAdjuvant-mediated immune stimulationMF59 induced innate responseAS03 induced innate responseAF03 induced innate response

Squalene-based adjuvants induce local tissue damage, releasing DAMPs, which activate APCs via cytokine/chemokine signaling. This leads to innate immune cell recruitment, enhanced antigen presentation, and subsequent adaptive immune response.