Innate lymphoid cell type 2 (ILC2) (ILC2)

Innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s) are a distinct population of lymphoid cells that lack rearranged antigen receptors but function as rapid responders in the innate immune system (Vivier et al., 2018, Cell). They are primarily tissue-resident cells, particularly abundant in mucosal surfaces like the lungs and intestines, where they act as key initiators of type 2 inflammation (Gasteiger et al., 2015, Science). ILC2s are activated by alarmins such as IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP released from damaged epithelium, leading to the robust production of cytokines like IL-5 and IL-13 (Klose & Artis, 2016, Nature Immunology). While they are vital for clearing helminth parasites and maintaining tissue homeostasis, their overactivation is strongly linked to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis (Scanlon & McKenzie, 2012, Science). Consequently, ILC2s and their signaling pathways are major focal points for biological therapies aimed at treating chronic inflammatory and allergic conditions (Eberl et al., 2015, Nature Reviews Immunology).

Other names

Group 2 innate lymphoid cellsNuocytesNatural helper cellsIh2 cells

Antagonism of activating receptors (e.g., CRTH2, ST2), neutralization of activating alarmins (e.g., TSLP, IL-33), or inhibition of downstream effector cytokines (e.g., IL-5, IL-13).