Inorganic ions and dental surfaces

Inorganic ions and dental surfaces refer to the mineralized components of teeth, specifically the hydroxyapatite crystal lattice that constitutes enamel and dentin [1]. This target is unique in pharmacology as it involves the physicochemical modification of a solid tissue matrix rather than the modulation of a protein or signaling pathway [1]. The primary therapeutic objective is the prevention and arrest of dental caries through the application of ions, most notably fluoride, which integrate into the tooth structure [2]. Therapeutic agents like fluoride interact with this surface by substituting hydroxyl groups to form fluorapatite, which is significantly more resistant to acid dissolution [1][2]. This process not only strengthens the enamel but also facilitates the remineralization of incipient lesions by attracting calcium and phosphate ions from saliva [3]. Beyond caries prevention, this target is relevant for managing dentinal hypersensitivity through the occlusion of dentinal tubules [4].

Other names

HydroxyapatiteDental enamelTooth mineralDentin surfaceFluorapatite

Fluoride ions replace hydroxyl groups in the hydroxyapatite crystal lattice to form fluorapatite, which has a lower solubility product and higher resistance to acid-induced demineralization [1][2]. Additionally, these ions promote the precipitation of calcium and phosphate from saliva to remineralize early carious lesions [2][3].