Inotropic effects

Inotropic effects" refers to the property by which a drug or endogenous factor alters the force or energy of muscular contraction—typically referring to the heart. Positive inotropic effects increase contractile strength; negative inotropic effects reduce it. There is no specific molecule, gene, or receptor called "inotropic effects." Instead, this term describes clinical outcomes or physiological outcomes resulting from the actions of multiple upstream molecular targets and pathways, including but not limited to G protein-coupled receptors (such as β-adrenergic receptors), ion channels, intracellular cAMP or calcium signaling modulators, and many classes of cardiovascular drugs[1][2][4][7][8][10].

Other names

InotropyInotropic stateInotropic effect

Dependent on underlying molecular/drug mechanism