Insulin and Adiponectin Signaling Pathway Proteins

The Insulin and Adiponectin Signaling Pathway Proteins represent a complex network of receptors and intracellular signaling molecules that coordinately regulate glucose and lipid metabolism [1, 5]. Key components include the insulin receptor (INSR) and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), along with downstream effectors such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS1/2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) [2, 9]. Insulin signaling primarily drives glucose uptake and storage, while adiponectin signaling enhances insulin sensitivity and promotes fatty acid oxidation, often through crosstalk mediated by adapter proteins like APPL1 [5, 14]. Dysregulation of these pathways is a hallmark of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease [7, 15]. Therapeutic strategies targeting these proteins include insulin analogs, insulin sensitizers like thiazolidinediones and metformin, and emerging adiponectin receptor agonists like AdipoRon [1, 8, 12]. These interventions aim to restore metabolic homeostasis and reduce the systemic inflammation associated with insulin resistance [11, 16].

Other names

Insulin-adiponectin axisAdiponectin-insulin signaling networkMetabolic signaling pathway proteins

Agonism of insulin and adiponectin receptors, activation of AMPK, and modulation of PPAR signaling to enhance insulin sensitivity and metabolic flux [1, 2, 8].