Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3)

Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a peptide hormone of the insulin/relaxin superfamily, produced primarily by Leydig cells of the testes and, to a lesser extent, in ovarian thecal cells. It acts as the physiological ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor RXFP2, and is critical for the initial phase of testicular descent in male fetuses by promoting gubernacular development. In adults, INSL3 continues to serve as a biomarker for Leydig cell differentiation and function, and its signaling is also implicated in ovarian follicle development and maintenance of normal bone characteristics. Mutations in INSL3 or its receptor RXFP2 are linked to disorders such as cryptorchidism and reduced bone density. INSL3 is under investigation as a diagnostic biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target, but no approved drugs currently modulate INSL3 signaling[1][2][4][5].

Other names

Insulin-like 3RLFRLNLLey-I-LLeydig insulin-like peptideRelaxin-like factorprepro-INSL3relaxin-like factor Bleydig insulin-like hormoneinsulin-like 3 B chaininsulin-like 3 A chain

Binds and activates Relaxin family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2), a G protein-coupled receptor. Triggers cAMP signaling cascade in target cells