Insulin receptor substrate 1 mRNA (IRS1 mRNA)

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) mRNA is the messenger RNA transcript that encodes the IRS-1 protein, a critical cytoplasmic adapter in the insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathways (UniProt P35568). The IRS-1 protein serves as a scaffold for recruiting signaling molecules like PI3K and Grb2, which are essential for glucose uptake, cell growth, and survival (NCBI Gene 3667). In various malignancies, such as prostate and breast cancer, IRS-1 mRNA is often overexpressed, driving tumor progression and providing a mechanism for evasion of apoptosis. Consequently, IRS-1 mRNA has been explored as a therapeutic target using antisense oligonucleotides and RNA interference to downregulate protein expression. For example, the drug candidate ATL1101 is an antisense oligonucleotide designed to bind to IRS-1 mRNA and trigger its degradation, thereby inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and hyperproliferative skin cells in psoriasis. However, because IRS-1 is vital for normal metabolic function, targeting its mRNA poses significant safety challenges, most notably the potential for inducing systemic insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.

Other names

IRS1 transcriptInsulin receptor substrate 1 messenger RNAIRS1 mRNA

Antisense-mediated mRNA degradation and translation inhibition