Integrin alpha-V beta-3 and Integrin alpha-V beta-5 (alphaVbeta3 / alphaVbeta5)

Integrin alpha-V beta-3 and alpha-V beta-5 are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors belonging to the integrin family, primarily functioning as receptors for extracellular matrix proteins containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, such as vitronectin and fibronectin (PMID: 18413640). These integrins are critical mediators of cell adhesion, migration, and signaling, and they play a pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. In many high-grade gliomas, these integrins are significantly overexpressed compared to normal brain tissue, making them attractive therapeutic targets. DNX-2401 (Tasadenoturev) is a conditionally replicative adenovirus engineered with an RGD motif in its fiber protein to specifically exploit these integrins for cell entry (PMID: 29438105). This modification allows the virus to infect glioma cells independently of the Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor (CAR), which is frequently lost during tumor progression. By binding to alpha-V integrins, DNX-2401 achieves targeted oncolysis and stimulates an anti-tumor immune response within the central nervous system (PMID: 33536217).

Other names

Vitronectin receptorCD51/CD61 (alpha-V beta-3)CD51/ITGB5 (alpha-V beta-5)alpha-V integrinRGD-binding integrins

DNX-2401 is an oncolytic adenovirus that utilizes an RGD-modified fiber knob to bind to alpha-V integrins on the surface of tumor cells, facilitating viral entry and subsequent replication-induced cell lysis (PMID: 29438105).