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Interferon lambda-1 (IFN-λ1)
- Target
- IFN-λ1
- Molecular classification
- Cytokine, Interleukin family (IL-10 family), Ligand (for cytokine receptor complex)
01
Overview
Interferon lambda-1 (IFN-λ1, also known as interleukin-29) is a secreted cytokine belonging to the type III interferon family, structurally related to the IL-10 superfamily. It mediates antiviral defense primarily at epithelial barriers by signaling through a receptor complex consisting of IFNLR1 and IL-10R2, which triggers the JAK/STAT signaling cascade and induces the expression of antiviral and immune regulatory genes. IFN-λ1 is distinct from type I interferons in its receptor distribution and generally has a more tissue-specific, epithelial-focused activity, which reduces systemic side effects compared to type I IFNs. It plays a key role in innate antiviral immune responses and is being investigated as a therapeutic agent in viral infections and certain cancers.
- Other names
- Interleukin-29IFNL1IL-29Type III interferonLambda interferon
02
Mechanism of action
Acts as a ligand for a heterodimeric receptor complex (composed of IFN-λR1 [IFNLR1] and IL-10R2), activating the JAK/STAT pathway, leading to the expression of interferon-stimulated genes that mediate antiviral and immunomodulatory effects
03
Biological functions
Immune response (antiviral defense)Signal transduction (JAK/STAT pathway)Regulation of inflammation
04
Disease associations
Infection (especially viral infection such as HCV, CMV, EBV, respiratory viruses)InflammationCancer (modulation of tumor immunity; under investigation)Other (autoimmune conditions, clinical immunodeficiencies)
05
Safety considerations
Potential for off-target immune activation or cytokine storm (much lower than type I IFNs, but remains a theoretical concern)Possible hepatic or gastrointestinal side effects (notably less than type I IFNs)Risk of exacerbating autoimmune diseases (as with other cytokines)
06
Interacting drugs
Peginterferon lambda (investigational drug; not yet widely approved)
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression profileSerum or tissue levels of IFN-λ1Expression of IFNLR1 (receptor) in target tissues
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