Interferon lambda-2 (IFNL2)

Interferon lambda-2 (IFNL2), also known as interleukin-28A, is a member of the class II cytokine family closely related to type I interferons and the interleukin-10 family[1][3][5]. It is primarily produced at epithelial barrier sites in response to viral infection and acts as a ligand for a specific receptor complex composed of IFNLR1 (interferon lambda receptor 1) and IL10RB (interleukin 10 receptor beta)[1][2][5]. Upon binding its receptor, IFNL2 initiates signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway to induce the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) that confer a potent antiviral state[2][5]. IFNL2 has demonstrated antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antitumor functions. Its activity is largely restricted to epithelial cells due to the limited distribution of its receptor, leading to targeted immune responses at mucosal barriers with a reduced risk of systemic inflammation compared to type I interferons[1][2][3]. IFNL2's therapeutic potential has been investigated in viral infections (such as hepatitis and COVID-19), where it can enhance viral clearance and bridge innate and adaptive immunity[2].

Other names

Interleukin-28AIL28AIFN-lambda-2Cytokine Zcyto20ZCYTO20IFNL2aIL-28Ainterleukin 28A (interferon, lambda 2)interleukin-28AIFNL3a

Activation of interferon-stimulated gene expression via JAK/STAT signaling, Induction of antiviral state, Immunomodulation at epithelial barriers, Inhibition of viral replication and transmission, Modulation of immune cell (e.g., neutrophil, macrophage) responses