Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)

Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a constitutively expressed transcription factor in the cytoplasm, activated by viral infection or other innate immune stimuli[1][9]. It undergoes phosphorylation at multiple serine/threonine residues by kinases such as TBK1 and IKKε, leading to dimerization and translocation into the nucleus, where it binds DNA at interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs) to induce type I interferon and ISG transcription[1][4][6][9]. IRF3 is essential in mounting antiviral defenses and fine-tuning inflammatory responses, and aberrations in its activity are linked to pathologies including viral susceptibility, chronic inflammation, and certain cardiovascular injuries[4][6][9].

Other names

IRF3Interferon-regulatory factor 3ISRE-binding protein

Inhibition of phosphorylation (preventing IRF3 activation and nuclear translocation); Blockade of dimerization (preventing transcriptional activity); Modulation of upstream kinases (TBK1, IKKε) or signaling adaptors (STING, MAVS, TRIF)