Interleukin-1 beta receptor (IL-1 receptor type 1) (IL-1R1)

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages and other cell types in response to infection or injury. IL-1β signals through binding to the type 1 interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R1), which recruits the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) to form a signaling-competent complex. This activates intracellular pathways, notably the MyD88–IRAK–TRAF6 axis, leading to activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and MAPK, and subsequent expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., IL-6, COX-2, MCP-1). IL-1β-mediated signaling is fundamental to both acute and chronic inflammatory responses, and its dysregulation is implicated in numerous diseases. Therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway include receptor antagonists and monoclonal antibodies against IL-1β. Safety concerns mainly relate to immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to infections.

Other names

IL-1RIIL1RIL1R1CD121aInterleukin-1 receptor type IType I IL-1 receptor

Blockade of IL-1β binding to IL-1R1; Neutralization of IL-1β activity; Interference with downstream signaling cascades (e.g., NF-κB, MAPK)