Interleukin 1 Receptor (IL-1R)

The Interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) is a cytokine receptor that binds interleukin-1 (IL-1), playing a central role in mediating immune and inflammatory responses. There are two main forms of the receptor: type I (IL-1RI) and type II (IL-1RII). Type I IL-1 receptor transmits the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-1. Type II IL‑1 receptor functions mainly as a decoy or suppressor by competing for ligand binding but does not signal. Signaling through type I interleukin–1 receptors regulates thymocyte proliferation, B cell development, production of cytokines, stress responses, inflammatory responses, sleep regulation, and appetite control. Defects or dysregulation in this pathway contribute to various autoimmune diseases.

Receptor antagonism or ligand sequestration to block IL-1 signaling