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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RA)
- Target
- IL-1RA
- Molecular classification
- Cytokine antagonist, Receptor ligand antagonist, Soluble protein, Member of interleukin-1 cytokine family
01
Overview
The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RA) is a 17–20 kDa cytokine (gene: IL1RN, chromosome 2q14.1) that binds to the interleukin-1 receptor type I on cell surfaces without triggering activation, competitively inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling of IL-1α and IL-1β. It is secreted by immune, epithelial, and adipose cells, constituting a key endogenous regulator of inflammation and a clinical target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. IL-1RA's crystal structure demonstrates architectural similarity to IL-1α/β, but with critical differences in receptor-binding loops that confer its antagonist function.
- Other names
- IL-1raIL1RNICIL-1RAIL1 inhibitorIL1F3IRAP
02
Mechanism of action
Competitive antagonism at interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI), blocking signal transduction by preventing IL-1α/IL-1β binding; Downregulation of inflammatory cytokine cascade (e.g., inhibition of MyD88 signaling)
03
Biological functions
Anti-inflammatory antagonismModulation of immune responseInhibition of IL-1-mediated signalingBlocking cell activation by IL-1
04
Disease associations
Inflammation (especially systemic and local inflammatory diseases)Rheumatoid arthritisSeptic shockGraft-versus-host diseaseCertain leukemiasOther autoimmune and autoinflammatory syndromes
05
Safety considerations
Increased risk of infection due to immune suppressionHypersensitivity reactionsInjection site reactions (for recombinant drug)Unintended effects on host defense (e.g., susceptibility to opportunistic infection)
06
Interacting drugs
Anakinra (recombinant IL-1RA)
3 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Serum IL-1RA (measured for disease activity or drug response)Circulating IL-1β or IL-1α (indirect, for pathway activation)Expression levels of IL1RN gene (genetic risk, for selection)
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