Interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta (IL10RB) (IL10RB)

Interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta (IL10RB) is a type II cytokine receptor that serves as a common accessory subunit for several signaling complexes within the IL-10 family. Unlike the ligand-specific alpha subunits, IL10RB is ubiquitously expressed across various tissues and is essential for the functional assembly of receptors for IL-10, IL-22, IL-26, and type III interferons (IFN-lambda). Upon ligand binding to the primary receptor subunit, IL10RB is recruited to the complex, where it facilitates the activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) or Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2), leading to the phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). This signaling pathway is a master regulator of anti-inflammatory responses, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, where it maintains mucosal homeostasis. Loss-of-function mutations in the IL10RB gene are strongly associated with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), a severe condition characterized by intractable intestinal inflammation. Therapeutic strategies involving IL10RB focus on the use of recombinant cytokines or fusion proteins, such as pegilodecakin and efmarodocokin alfa, to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, promote tissue regeneration, or provide antiviral defense. However, because IL10RB is a shared component of multiple cytokine pathways, pharmacological modulation requires careful consideration of potential off-target effects and systemic immunosuppression.

Other names

Interleukin-10 receptor 2IL-10R2IL-10RBCytokine receptor family 2 member 4CRFB4CDw210bCRF2-4D21S58

Agonism of the receptor complex to activate JAK/STAT signaling (primarily STAT3) for anti-inflammatory or tissue-protective effects