Interleukin-18 Pathway

The Interleukin-18 (IL-18) pathway is a crucial regulator of both innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family, exerts its effects by binding to a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of IL-18Rα and IL-18Rβ. This interaction triggers downstream signaling cascades involving MyD88, IRAK kinases, TRAF6, NF-κB, and MAPK pathways, ultimately leading to the production of IFNγ, TNF, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. The pathway's activity is tightly controlled by IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), a soluble decoy receptor, and by endogenous antagonists such as interleukin-37. Dysregulation of the IL-18 pathway is implicated in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, making it a potential therapeutic target for modulating excessive inflammation and restoring immune homeostasis.

Modulation of IL-18 signaling to reduce inflammation and immune dysregulation.