Intestinal epithelial cell surface glycans and mucus layer

The intestinal epithelial cell surface glycans and mucus layer constitute a critical physiological barrier that separates the gut lumen from the underlying host tissue (Johansson et al., 2011, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol). This system is primarily composed of the gel-forming mucin MUC2, which creates a dense inner layer and a loose outer layer, along with the glycocalyx—a dense network of membrane-bound glycoproteins and glycolipids on the apical surface of enterocytes (Koropatkin et al., 2012, Nat Rev Microbiol). Biologically, this layer provides lubrication, prevents mechanical damage, and serves as a decoy and attachment site for both commensal and pathogenic microorganisms (Bansil & Turner, 2018, Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci). In diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, the integrity of this layer is often compromised, leading to increased permeability and chronic inflammation (Van der Post et al., 2019, Gastroenterology). Therapeutic strategies targeting this system include the use of mucosal protectants like rebamipide and sucralfate, as well as probiotics that stimulate mucin production to restore barrier function and promote mucosal healing (Ishihara & Tanaka, 2010, J Clin Biochem Nutr).

Other names

Intestinal mucus barrierIntestinal glycocalyxMucosal barrierEnterocyte surface glycansGut mucus layer

Stimulation of mucin synthesis and secretion, physical shielding of the mucosal surface from luminal aggressors, and modulation of glycan-mediated microbial adhesion (Ishihara & Tanaka, 2010, J Clin Biochem Nutr; McGuckin et al., 2011, Nat Rev Microbiol).