Intestinal epithelial cells and microbiota (IEC-microbiota axis)

The intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and microbiota represent a complex symbiotic interface essential for human health and immune homeostasis (Nature Reviews Immunology, 2017). IECs form a selective physical and chemical barrier that separates the host's internal environment from the dense microbial community in the gut lumen (Cell, 2014). This interaction is mediated by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to regulate immune responses and barrier maintenance (Biochemical Journal, 2017). The microbiota contributes to host health by fermenting dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which serve as an energy source for IECs and modulate local immunity (Nature, 2013). Dysregulation of this axis, often termed dysbiosis, is a hallmark of various pathologies including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and metabolic syndrome (Science, 2012). Therapeutic strategies targeting this system include probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to restore microbial balance and enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier (Gastroenterology, 2015).

Other names

Gut-microbiota-epithelial axisIntestinal mucosal barrierHost-microbiome interfaceIntestinal barrier system

Modulation of microbial composition, enhancement of tight junction protein expression, production of anti-inflammatory metabolites like short-chain fatty acids, and competitive exclusion of pathogens.