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Intestinal Inflammation Mediators: Prostaglandin Synthesis
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Lipid mediator, G protein-coupled receptor ligand
01
Overview
Prostaglandins are lipid-derived mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. They play a crucial role in intestinal inflammation, pain, and mucosal defense. Excessive or dysregulated prostaglandin synthesis contributes to chronic intestinal inflammation, particularly in IBD, by inhibiting Tregs and promoting pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Pharmacological modulation of prostaglandin synthesis, primarily through NSAIDs, can alleviate symptoms but also carries risks of gastrointestinal injury.
- Other names
- Prostaglandin PathwayCOX PathwayArachidonic Acid MetabolismProstanoid Synthesis
02
Mechanism of action
NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. This alleviates pain and inflammation but can compromise mucosal protection.
03
Biological functions
InflammationPain modulationMucosal defenseVasodilationImmune responseTissue regeneration
04
Disease associations
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)Gastrointestinal ulcerationColorectal cancerOther Inflammation
05
Safety considerations
Gastrointestinal ulcerationIncreased risk of bleedingCardiovascular events
06
Interacting drugs
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
PGE2 levels in intestinal tissueExpression of COX-2 in intestinal cells
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