Intestinal mucins and mucosal glycoproteins (MUC)

Intestinal mucins and mucosal glycoproteins are high-molecular-weight, heavily glycosylated proteins produced by goblet cells and enterocytes that form the primary physical and chemical barrier of the gastrointestinal tract. The most prominent member, MUC2, is a gel-forming mucin that creates a thick mucus layer protecting the underlying epithelium from mechanical stress, digestive enzymes, and microbial invasion. Transmembrane mucins, such as MUC1 and MUC13, contribute to the glycocalyx and participate in intracellular signaling pathways related to cell growth and inflammation. In diseases like ulcerative colitis, the mucus layer is often thinned or depleted, leading to increased intestinal permeability and chronic inflammation. Conversely, altered mucin expression and glycosylation are frequently observed in colorectal cancers, where they can promote tumor progression and immune evasion. Therapeutic strategies targeting these glycoproteins include mucoactive agents that stimulate production, mucolytics that alter viscosity, and cytoprotective drugs that reinforce the mucosal barrier.

Other names

Intestinal mucinsMUC proteinsMucus glycoproteinsGastrointestinal mucinsGel-forming mucinsTransmembrane mucinsGlycocalyx glycoproteins

Stimulation of mucus secretion, enhancement of glycoprotein synthesis, physical coating of the mucosal surface, and enzymatic degradation of mucin polymers (mucolysis).