Intracellular calcium mobilization (Ca2+ mobilization)

Intracellular calcium mobilization is a fundamental biological process characterized by the transient increase of calcium ions (Ca2+) within the cytosol, primarily released from the endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum or through influx via the plasma membrane (Clapham, 2007). This mechanism acts as a ubiquitous second messenger system, coupling extracellular stimuli—such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or growth factors—to a wide array of cellular responses including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression (Berridge et al., 2000). While not a discrete molecular target, it represents a critical functional endpoint for many therapeutic classes, particularly those targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels (StatPearls, 2023). Dysregulation of calcium mobilization is a hallmark of various diseases, such as heart failure, where impaired calcium handling leads to contractile dysfunction, and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (Berridge, 2012). Pharmacological modulation of this process is usually achieved by targeting the specific proteins involved in calcium flux, such as ryanodine receptors or voltage-gated calcium channels, to restore physiological calcium homeostasis (Clapham, 2007).

Other names

Calcium signalingCytosolic calcium fluxIntracellular Ca2+ releaseCalcium homeostasis

Modulation of intracellular calcium levels via activation or inhibition of calcium channels (e.g., RYR1, IP3R) or pumps (e.g., SERCA).