Intracellular signaling and gene-regulatory networks modulated by exosomal miRNAs and proteins

This entry refers to the complex biological process of intercellular communication mediated by exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm) secreted by most cell types. These vesicles carry a cargo of microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and proteins that are delivered to recipient cells, where they modulate intracellular signaling pathways and gene-regulatory networks [1]. For instance, exosomal miRNAs can post-transcriptionally silence target genes, while exosomal proteins can activate surface receptors or act as enzymes within the recipient cytoplasm [2]. This network is a key driver of disease progression, particularly in cancer, where it facilitates the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, promotes angiogenesis, and confers drug resistance [3, 4]. In the context of the tumor microenvironment, exosomal signaling facilitates the transition of fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts and modulates immune responses [5]. While the entire network is not a single drug target, specific exosomal components are being explored as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic delivery vehicles [1]. Therapeutic strategies often focus on inhibiting exosome biogenesis, release, or uptake to disrupt these pathological signaling axes using small molecules like GW4869 [6].

Other names

Exosome-mediated signalingExtracellular vesicle-mediated gene regulationExosomal miRNA-protein networks

Inhibition of exosome biogenesis, secretion, or uptake to disrupt intercellular signaling networks.