Human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG)

Human normal immunoglobulin is a therapeutic preparation containing a broad spectrum of polyvalent antibodies, primarily Immunoglobulin G (IgG), purified from the pooled plasma of thousands of healthy donors [11, 17]. Its primary biological function is to provide passive immunity by recognizing and neutralizing infectious agents, opsonizing pathogens for phagocytosis, and activating the complement system [2, 11]. In clinical practice, it is used as replacement therapy for patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiencies who cannot produce sufficient antibodies to prevent infections [5, 13]. At high doses, it serves as an immunomodulatory agent in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions such as Kawasaki disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and Guillain-Barré syndrome [4, 11]. The molecule acts by blocking Fc receptors on immune cells, inhibiting complement-mediated damage, and neutralizing pro-inflammatory cytokines or autoantibodies [4, 7]. Safety considerations include the risk of anaphylaxis in IgA-deficient patients, potential for transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), and specific complications like aseptic meningitis or osmotic nephrosis [4, 10, 19].

Other names

Intravenous immunoglobulinSubcutaneous immunoglobulinImmune globulinIVIgSCIgGamma globulinPooled human IgG

Passive immunity through neutralization and opsonization of pathogens; immunomodulation via Fc receptor blockade, complement inhibition, and anti-idiotypic regulation of autoantibodies.