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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Invasion plasmid antigen C (IpaC)
- Target
- IpaC
- Molecular classification
- Type III secretion system effector protein, Bacterial virulence factor, Other
01
Overview
Invasion plasmid antigen C (IpaC) is a protein secreted by *Shigella* species and enteroinvasive *E. coli* via the type III secretion system. It is a primary virulence effector critical for bacterial invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. IpaC interacts with the host cell cytoskeleton, particularly by inducing actin polymerization, which facilitates membrane ruffling, macropinocytosis, and pathogen uptake. IpaC is exposed on the bacterial surface during infection, is highly conserved among *Shigella* and related pathogens, and is a candidate vaccine antigen. Loss of IpaC results in loss of pathogenicity.
- Other names
- IpaCShigella invasion plasmid antigen C
02
Mechanism of action
Facilitates injection of virulence factors via type III secretion; Induces host actin polymerization to promote bacterial internalization
03
Biological functions
Host cell invasionInduction of cytoskeletal rearrangementActin nucleationPathogen uptake (macropinocytosis)Effector molecule in type III secretion system
04
Disease associations
Infection (shigellosis—severe gastroenteritis caused by *Shigella* spp.)
05
Safety considerations
Targeting IpaC therapeutically may affect only pathogenic bacteria, but immune response variability and bacterial antigenic variation could limit efficacy; vaccine design may require conserved epitope focus
06
Interacting drugs
None approved or in clinical use specifically targeting IpaC; studied experimentally as a vaccine antigen or with neutralizing antibodies
07
Biomarkers
Antibodies to IpaC may be used in serodiagnosis or as a marker of *Shigella* exposure (experimental); not established for patient selection
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