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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Iodine-131 (I-131)
- Target
- I-131
- Molecular classification
- Other (Radionuclide, Radioisotope)
01
Overview
Iodine-131 is a radioisotope of iodine that emits beta and gamma radiation. It is used in nuclear medicine for the treatment of hyperthyroidism and differentiated thyroid cancer. The beta emission causes local cell death in tissues that concentrate iodine, especially thyroid cells, due to active transport by the sodium/iodide symporter. This results in selective ablation of thyroid tissue while minimizing damage to most other tissues. The therapy is highly effective for tumors and conditions where target cells specifically take up iodine, but requires careful radiation safety protocols and monitoring due to the risks of systemic radiation exposure.
- Other names
- Radioactive iodineRadioiodine^131I
02
Mechanism of action
Beta particles emitted by I-131 cause local ionizing radiation damage, primarily DNA double-strand breaks leading to cell death in cells that actively take up iodine via the sodium/iodide symporter
03
Biological functions
Cell death (via radiation-induced DNA damage in iodine-avid cells)Other (selective ablation of thyroid tissue)
04
Disease associations
Cancer (specifically thyroid cancer, particularly differentiated types such as papillary and follicular)Other (hyperthyroidism, thyroid ablation)
05
Safety considerations
Radiation exposure to non-thyroid tissues and others nearby (requires safety precautions)Risk of hypothyroidismRare potential for secondary malignancies at inappropriate or low dosesContraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeedingRisk of transient thyrotoxicosis and worsening of eye symptoms in Graves’ disease
06
Interacting drugs
Sodium iodide I-131 (the radioactive drug itself)
2 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Serum thyroglobulin (for monitoring thyroid cancer)Iodine uptake scan results (to assess target tissue readiness for therapy)
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