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Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage by beta emission from iodine-131
- Molecular classification
- Other (Describes a radiological effect/mechanism rather than a defined molecular entity)
01
Overview
Exposure to beta particles emitted by radioactive iodine-131 leads to ionization events in living tissue, producing free radicals and causing direct and indirect DNA damage—principally single-strand and double-strand breaks[1][2][3][4]. This damage, if unrepaired, results in cell death via apoptosis or necrosis, a process harnessed therapeutically to treat conditions such as thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism[3][4]. However, this is not a protein, receptor, or otherwise canonical therapeutic target, but a description of the radiobiological effects of iodine-131 therapy on DNA integrity.
- Other names
- DNA damage from I-131Iodine-131-induced DNA damageBeta radiation-induced DNA damage
02
Mechanism of action
Induction of DNA single-strand and double-strand breaks by beta particles emitted from iodine-131 decay, leading to cell death if damage is unrepaired or misrepaired Free radical generation via ionization, further damaging DNA molecules
03
Biological functions
Cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) as a result of DSBs and SSBs in DNADNA repair responsesChromosome aberrations and genomic instability
04
Disease associations
Cancer (tumoricidal effect in targeted radionuclide therapy)Thyroid disease (therapeutic application in thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism)
05
Safety considerations
Off-target radiation exposure to non-thyroidal tissues (salivary glands, stomach, bladder, etc.)Secondary malignancies due to mutagenic DNA damage in healthy tissuesRadiation safety for patients and healthcare workers
06
Interacting drugs
Iodine-131
2 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
DNA damage indicators such as γH2AX (phosphorylated histone H2AX)Single- and double-strand break quantification (e.g., by Micromethod assay, comet assay, or Picogreen method)Clonogenic survival/cell death as an endpoint of DNA damage
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