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Isthmin-2 (ISM2)
- Target
- ISM2
- Molecular classification
- Other (Secreted protein, thrombospondin/AMOP domain-containing protein), Not classified as receptor, enzyme, ion channel, transporter, or transcription factor
01
Overview
Isthmin-2 (ISM2) is a secreted protein characterized by a thrombospondin type-1 repeat (TSR) and an AMOP domain. It is almost exclusively expressed by human placental tissues, where it supports angiogenesis and normal vascular development. Decreased ISM2 expression is associated with preeclampsia, a condition marked by poor placental blood flow, while overexpression is seen in angiogenic tumors such as choriocarcinoma. Its structure suggests diverse roles in developmental and pathological processes, especially those involving vascular biology[1][3]. There are unresolved questions about its exact molecular partners (e.g., receptors or integrins) and downstream signaling pathways. ISM2 is not yet an established drug target but is under active research for its potential in cancer and pregnancy-associated vascular disorders[1][3].
- Other names
- ISM2Thrombospondin and AMOP domain-containing isthmin-like protein 1TAIL1THSD3PSEC0137FLJ32147Thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein 3Isthmin 2 homolog
02
Biological functions
Angiogenesis (promotes formation of new blood vessels)Cell proliferation (promotes growth in placental and tumor tissues)Possible role in apoptosis (as related to thrombospondin-like domain, requires further validation)Organ homeostasis (varied tissue expression pattern suggests broad physiological roles)
03
Disease associations
Cancer (specifically choriocarcinoma and possibly other tumor types where angiogenesis is upregulated)Preeclampsia (decreased expression associated with impaired placental blood flow)Other angiogenesis-related disorders
04
Safety considerations
As ISM2 is highly expressed in placenta and mediates angiogenesis, targeting could have risks for placental development in pregnancyUnknown effects on normal angiogenic processes; blocking ISM2 could impair organ homeostasis or wound healingLack of data from drug interventions means safety profile is undetermined
05
Biomarkers
Serum ISM2 protein levels (potential biomarker for preeclampsia, decreased in affected individuals)Tissue ISM2 expression by immunohistochemistry (placenta, choriocarcinoma)
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