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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK)
- Target
- JNK
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Kinase, MAPK, Protein Kinase
01
Overview
Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) is a group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are activated by cellular stress and inflammatory signals. JNKs regulate various cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. There are three main JNK genes: MAPK8 (JNK1), MAPK9 (JNK2), and MAPK10 (JNK3). JNK1 and JNK2 are ubiquitously expressed, while JNK3 is mainly expressed in the brain, heart, and testis. Activation of JNKs involves dual phosphorylation by MKK4 and MKK7. Dysregulation of JNK activity has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and immune/inflammatory diseases, making it an attractive therapeutic target.
- Other names
- c-Jun N-terminal kinaseStress-activated protein kinaseSAPKMAPK8MAPK9MAPK10
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of JNK phosphorylation and downstream signaling
03
Biological functions
Signal transductionApoptosisCell proliferationCell differentiationStress responseInflammationCell survival
04
Disease associations
CancerMetabolic disordersNeurodegenerative diseasesImmune/inflammatory diseases
05
Safety considerations
Potential for off-target effects due to ubiquitous expression of JNK1 and JNK2Context-dependent effects on cell survival and apoptosis may complicate therapeutic strategies
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