Keratinized epidermal structures

Keratinized epidermal structures, primarily the stratum corneum, represent the outermost layer of the skin, as well as hair and nails. These structures are composed of dead, flattened keratinocytes (corneocytes) embedded in a lipid matrix, providing a critical physical and chemical barrier against environmental insults and water loss [1]. While not a single molecular receptor or enzyme, these structures are the primary focus of keratolytic and dermatological therapies aimed at treating hyperkeratotic conditions like psoriasis, ichthyosis, and actinic keratosis [2]. Drugs targeting these structures often work by breaking down the intercellular glue (desmosomes) or the keratin proteins themselves to promote shedding of the cornified layer [3]. Additionally, they serve as the site of infection for dermatophytes, making them the target for localized antifungal delivery [4]. Understanding the integrity and composition of these structures is essential for optimizing topical drug penetration and maintaining skin health [5].

Other names

Stratum corneumCornified layerHorny layerKeratinized tissueCornified envelope

Keratolysis via dissolution of intercellular cement and disruption of desmosomes; modulation of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation; disruption of fungal cell membranes within the keratin matrix.