Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 1 (KIR2DS1)

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 1 (KIR2DS1) is an activating receptor primarily found on the surface of human natural killer (NK) cells and some T cell subsets[1][2][3]. It is a member of the KIR (Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor) family of transmembrane glycoproteins, belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, clustered on chromosome 19q13.4[1][2][3][5]. KIR2DS1 specifically recognizes subsets of HLA-C class I molecules, particularly the C2 epitope (HLA-C2 group), and signals through association with the DAP12 adaptor protein to trigger NK cell activation and cytotoxicity[2][3][4][5]. The presence, polymorphism, and activity of KIR2DS1 have important implications in transplantation (especially in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for leukemia), cancer surveillance, infectious disease immunity, and autoimmune disease risk. Unlike inhibitory KIRs, KIR2DS1 contains a short cytoplasmic tail lacking ITIM motifs and transduces activating signals[1][2][3]. Its interactions with HLA-C2, peptide sensitivity, and functional consequences are active areas of research[4][5]. There are currently no broadly approved drugs that specifically and selectively target KIR2DS1, but its relevance as a biomarker and immunomodulatory target is well-documented, especially in immune-oncology and transplantation settings[2][5].

Other names

CD158hCD158ap50.1KIR2DP1DL1killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and short cytoplasmic tail 1

Enhancement of NK cell cytotoxicity by modulating KIR2DS1–HLA-C interactions; Immune modulation (e.g., in transplantation: graft vs leukemia effect)