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KiSS-1 metastasis suppressor (KISS1)
- Target
- KISS1
- Molecular classification
- Secreted protein (peptide/neuropeptide precursor), Metastasis suppressor, Intrinsically disordered protein, Hormone precursor (for kisspeptins)
01
Overview
KiSS-1 metastasis suppressor (KISS1) is a secreted protein that acts as a metastasis suppressor in several cancers, including melanoma and bladder cancer, by inhibiting the spread of tumor cells without preventing primary tumor growth. KISS1 is an intrinsically disordered protein processed into smaller peptides called kisspeptins, which act as ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor KISS1R (GPR54). Through this axis, KISS1 plays a pivotal role in neuroendocrine regulation, reproductive hormone release, puberty onset, and possibly neuronal signaling. Loss of KISS1 expression is associated with increased metastatic potential and worse clinical outcomes in multiple cancers, making it a significant biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for metastasis control.
- Other names
- MetastinKisspeptin-54Kisspeptin-14Kisspeptin-13Kisspeptin-10prepro-kisspeptinKisspeptin-1PP5098HH13malignant melanoma metastasis-suppressormetastasis-suppressor-1
02
Mechanism of action
Synthetic or endogenous kisspeptin peptides bind to and activate the KISS1R (GPR54) receptor, leading to G protein-mediated signaling, increased intracellular calcium, and stimulation of MAP kinase pathways
03
Biological functions
Suppresses cancer metastasisPrecursor to kisspeptins, which regulate hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axisInvolved in reproductive hormone regulation (stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion)Neuroendocrine signalingCell-matrix adhesion regulationPotential role in neuronal signaling and possibly in Alzheimer’s disease
04
Disease associations
Cancer (especially metastasis suppression, e.g., melanoma, bladder cancer, breast cancer)Hypogonadism (via kisspeptin deficiency/axis dysfunction)Neurodegenerative disease (implicated in Alzheimer’s disease)Potential roles in other reproductive and endocrine disorders
05
Safety considerations
Potential off-target effects on reproductive axis (e.g., premature or disrupted puberty, infertility)Risks of affecting neuroendocrine function if used systemicallyPossible on-target suppression of physiologic cell migration or signaling
06
Interacting drugs
Synthetic kisspeptins (e.g., Kisspeptin-10, Kisspeptin-54/metastin)
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
KISS1 mRNA or protein expression (prognostic biomarker for metastatic potential in melanoma and other cancers)Circulating kisspeptin levels (potential biomarker for reproductive disorders or puberty onset)
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