KRAS mutant neoantigen and individualized tumor neoantigen

KRAS mutant neoantigens and individualized tumor neoantigens are highly specific targets for cancer immunotherapy, representing protein fragments derived from somatic mutations that are unique to tumor cells. KRAS mutations, particularly at positions G12, G13, and Q61, are prevalent in pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers, creating "shared" neoantigens that can be targeted across different patients with the same mutation and HLA type (Nature Reviews Cancer, 2021, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41568-021-00401-x). Individualized tumor neoantigens are patient-specific mutations identified through genomic sequencing, forming the basis for personalized "mutanome" vaccines (Science, 2019, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aau2736). These neoantigens are processed and presented on the cell surface by Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) molecules, where they are recognized by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells as non-self (The Lancet, 2023, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)01296-8/fulltext). Therapeutic approaches include mRNA-based vaccines, peptide vaccines, and TCR-engineered T-cell therapies designed to prime or expand the immune system's ability to eliminate cells harboring these mutations (Nature Medicine, 2024, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02760-3). Because these antigens are absent in healthy tissue, they offer a high degree of therapeutic selectivity and a reduced risk of off-target toxicity compared to traditional chemotherapy.

Other names

Tumor-specific antigenTSAMutated KRAS peptidePersonalized neoantigenMutanome-derived antigenKRAS-specific neoantigen

Induction of tumor-specific T-cell responses (CD8+ and CD4+) through the presentation of mutated peptide fragments on HLA molecules, leading to the targeted destruction of malignant cells.