L-type voltage-gated calcium channel alpha 1C subunit (Cav1.2)

The L-type voltage-gated calcium channel, specifically the Cav1.2 isoform encoded by the CACNA1C gene, is a critical mediator of electromechanical coupling in gastrointestinal smooth muscle. These channels open in response to membrane depolarization, allowing an influx of extracellular calcium ions that trigger the contractile apparatus of the smooth muscle cells. This process is fundamental to peristalsis and the regulation of gastrointestinal motility. In various motility disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or achalasia, the activity of these channels may be dysregulated, leading to spasms or impaired transit. Pharmacological targeting of these channels with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) is a common therapeutic strategy to induce smooth muscle relaxation and alleviate pain. While systemic CCBs like nifedipine are used for cardiovascular indications, gut-selective agents like pinaverium are preferred for GI disorders to minimize systemic side effects such as hypotension.

Other names

CACNA1CL-type calcium channelDihydropyridine receptorVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1CCalcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit

L-type calcium channel antagonist (blocker) that inhibits the influx of calcium ions into smooth muscle cells, leading to muscle relaxation.