Lacrimal nerve

The lacrimal nerve is the smallest branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1). It enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and travels along the lateral wall of the orbit. Its primary biological function is to provide sensory innervation to the lacrimal gland, the conjunctiva, and the lateral aspect of the upper eyelid (StatPearls, 2023). Additionally, it serves as a conduit for parasympathetic secretomotor fibers that originate from the pterygopalatine ganglion and stimulate tear production (Wikipedia, 2024). While not a molecular target such as a receptor or enzyme, the lacrimal nerve is a clinical target for regional anesthesia in ophthalmic surgery. Drugs like lidocaine are used to block signal conduction along this nerve by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels (PubMed, 2021). Damage or dysfunction of the lacrimal nerve can lead to aqueous-deficient dry eye syndrome or loss of sensation in the lateral eye region. Therapeutic interventions often focus on protecting the nerve during surgery or managing neuropathic pain associated with its distribution.

Other names

Nervus lacrimalis

Local anesthetics inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels along the nerve axon, preventing the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.