Latent Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1)

Latent transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a secreted cytokine and a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. It plays critical roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, immune responses, and tissue remodeling. TGF-β1 is synthesized as a large precursor protein that undergoes proteolytic processing to yield a mature peptide. Before secretion, it associates non-covalently with its propeptide called latency-associated peptide (LAP), forming the small latent complex. This complex can further bind covalently to latent TGF-β binding proteins (LTBPs), resulting in the large latent complex that anchors TGF-β1 within the extracellular matrix. Latent TGF-β1 requires activation to exert its biological effects through mechanisms such as integrin-mediated force/conformational change and MMP-dependent cleavage.

Other names

TGFB1Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1

Inhibition of TGF-β1 activation or signaling pathways