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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Left-right determination factor 2 (LEFTY2)
- Target
- LEFTY2
- Molecular classification
- Cytokine, TGF-beta superfamily, Secreted protein
01
Overview
Left-right determination factor 2 (LEFTY2) is a secreted cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily[2][7]. It plays a crucial role in the determination of left-right asymmetry of organ systems (such as heart and lungs) during vertebrate embryonic development, acting primarily by antagonizing Nodal signaling pathways[1][3][7]. In humans, it is also implicated in the regulation of endometrial bleeding, and its dysregulation has been associated with developmental abnormalities of the heart and lungs, as well as with forms of infertility related to endometrial dysfunction[1][2][6]. LEFTY2 contains a conserved cysteine-knot structure typical of TGF-beta family proteins and is encoded by the LEFTY2 gene on chromosome 1[3].
- Other names
- Transforming growth factor beta-4TGF-beta-4TGFB4Protein lefty-2Protein lefty-ALeft-right determination factor ALEFTYAEndometrial bleeding-associated factorEBAF
02
Mechanism of action
Antagonist of Nodal signaling (likely by binding to shared receptors and inhibiting downstream SMAD activation)
03
Biological functions
Left-right asymmetry determination during embryonic developmentRegulation of Nodal signalingPossible role in endometrial bleeding
04
Disease associations
Developmental malformations (heterotaxy, particularly cardiac and pulmonary)Infertility related to endometrial dysfunction
05
Safety considerations
No major drug-related therapeutic safety challenges documented; dysregulation may contribute to developmental disorders
06
Biomarkers
Potential marker for disorders of left-right axis formationPossible marker for some infertility/endometrial dysfunction
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