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Leukapheresis (White blood cell removal via filtration) (Leukapheresis or Leukocytapheresis)

Target
Leukapheresis or Leukocytapheresis
Molecular classification
Other (Therapeutic procedure; NOT a molecule)
01

Overview

Leukapheresis is a medical procedure in which blood is withdrawn, processed through a specialized machine utilizing filtration or centrifugation, and leukocytes are selectively removed from circulation. The remainder of the blood (red cells, plasma, platelets) is reinfused back into the patient. This intervention is used for immediate cytoreduction in patients with critically high white blood cell counts, particularly leukemias, where rapid control is required to prevent complications such as leukostasis, microvascular occlusion, and organ dysfunction. Leukapheresis is adjunct to curative therapies such as chemotherapy or targeted cancer therapies but does not itself eradicate underlying disease. Filtration of white blood cells is also integrated into blood banking (leukoreduction) to reduce transfusion-transmittable diseases and immune complications.

Other names
leukocytapheresiscytoreductive apheresiswhite blood cell apheresiswhite blood cell removal
02

Mechanism of action

Physical separation and filtration of leukocytes from blood via apheresis

03

Biological functions

Removal of white blood cells from circulationCytoreductionPreparation for stem cell collection
04

Disease associations

Leukemia (acute and chronic forms)LymphomaAutoimmune disorders with elevated leukocyte countsPrevention and management of leukostasis
05

Safety considerations

Transient low blood volumeCitrate toxicity (hypocalcemia)Numbness, tingling, muscle spasmsInfection, catheter-related complicationsThrombocytopenia or anemia if excessive blood components are removed
06

Interacting drugs

none (not a molecular target, but procedure may be adjunct to chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, etc.)
07

Biomarkers

Extremely high white blood cell count (e.g., above specific thresholds)clinical signs of leukostasis

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