Lipid transfer protein (LTP)

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a diverse group of proteins that facilitate the non-vesicular movement of lipids between biological membranes and lipoproteins. In human physiology, key members include cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), which are essential for maintaining systemic cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis. These proteins are significant therapeutic targets; for instance, MTP inhibitors like lomitapide are used to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia by reducing the secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. CETP inhibitors have been extensively developed to raise HDL-C and lower LDL-C levels to prevent cardiovascular disease, although many have faced clinical challenges due to off-target effects. Beyond metabolic health, plant-derived non-specific LTPs (nsLTPs) are potent allergens that can trigger severe, systemic hypersensitivity reactions known as LTP syndrome. Pharmacological modulation of these proteins aims to correct lipid imbalances or desensitize allergic individuals through immunotherapy. Overall, LTPs represent a critical intersection of lipid metabolism, cardiovascular health, and immunology.

Other names

Lipid-transfer proteinLipid transport proteinNon-specific lipid-transfer proteinnsLTPCholesteryl ester transfer proteinMicrosomal triglyceride transfer proteinPhospholipid transfer protein

Inhibition of the transfer of lipids (such as cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, or phospholipids) between lipoproteins or across cellular membranes to modulate plasma lipid levels or cellular lipid composition.