Lipolysis Pathway (None)

Lipolysis is a metabolic pathway responsible for the breakdown of triglycerides stored in adipose tissue into free fatty acids and glycerol. This process occurs primarily in the cytoplasm of adipocytes and is essential for mobilizing stored energy, especially during periods of fasting or increased energy demand. The pathway involves three major enzymatic steps: Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL), Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL), and Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MGL). Lipolysis is tightly regulated by hormonal signals, with activation by catecholamines and inhibition by insulin. Dysregulation can contribute to metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and fatty liver disease.

Catecholamines activate lipolysis via β-adrenergic receptors and PKA, while insulin inhibits lipolysis by dephosphorylating HSL and perilipin.