Lipoteichoic acid from Lactobacillus paracasei (LTA (commonly used for lipoteichoic acid across species, but no strain-specific abbreviation is standard))

Lipoteichoic acid from Lactobacillus paracasei is an amphiphilic glycopolymer anchored in the cell membrane of this Gram-positive probiotic bacterium. Structurally, it displays strain-specific modifications and consists of poly(glycerol phosphate) backbones with attached fatty acids and carbohydrates. Functionally, LTA from L. paracasei acts as a potent effector molecule in host–microbe interactions, notably enhancing mucin production and intestinal barrier function by stimulating goblet cells, and modulating immune responses through TLR2-p38 MAPK signaling and NF-κB suppression. These properties underpin its potential as a probiotic-derived agent to relieve gut inflammation and age-related leaky gut in animal models, although it is not considered a classic drug target or receptor.

Other names

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA)LTA from Lactobacillus paracaseiCell wall LTA from Lactobacillus paracasei D3-5

For biological effects in host (preclinical/probiotic context, not drug targeting): - Activates Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), leading to p38 MAPK phosphorylation and enhanced mucin production - Suppresses NF-κB signaling, decreasing production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) - Blocks TLR4-MyD88-MAPK and NF-κB signal transduction in intestinal epithelial cells - Stimulates anti-inflammatory pathways, including increased IL-10 secretion