Long-chain fatty acid (LCFA)

Long-chain fatty acids are a class of fatty acids with hydrocarbon chains containing 13–21 carbon atoms and a terminal carboxyl group. They comprise both saturated and unsaturated species, are critical constituents of all cells as membrane lipid components, and serve as the body's principal energy stores in adipose tissue. They also give rise to bioactive lipid mediators (e.g., prostaglandins) that participate in inflammation, platelet aggregation, blood pressure regulation, and immune function. Some, such as linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, are essential and must be acquired from the diet. Others, like palmitic acid and stearic acid, are synthesized endogenously. The balance and specific composition of LCFAs in the body strongly influence cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory disease risk.

Other names

LCFAslong-chain saturated fatty acidlong-chain unsaturated fatty acidC13–C21 fatty acidlong-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA)

Not applicable as a drug target. For associated enzymes (e.g., fatty acid synthase, elongases): enzyme inhibition or activation. Omega-3 fatty acids: anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of gene expression (PPAR activation), competition with arachidonic acid for eicosanoid synthesis.